What is a basal-like phenotype?

What is a basal-like phenotype?

Introduction. Basal-phenotype or basal-like breast cancers are characterized by basal epithelium cytokeratin (CK5/14/17) expression, negative estrogen receptor (ER) status and distinct gene expression signature.

What are some characteristics of basal-like breast cancer in humans?

Of all breast cancer subgroups, basal-like breast cancers (BLBCs) have the worst clinical outcome. They represent 15–20% of breast cancers and are characterized by an aggressive phenotype with high histological grade, pushing borders of invasion, large areas of tumor necrosis, and high mitotic indexes.

What is a basal marker?

Purpose: Basal marker expression in triple-negative breast cancers identifies basal-like tumours, and thus separates the TN group into two prognostic groups. However, the expression and prognostic significance of basal markers in luminal breast cancers are poorly described.

What is the difference between luminal A and luminal B?

Luminal B subtypes had the highest percentage (54.9%) of involvement of lymph nodes when compared to the other four subtypes. The Luminal B subtype had a higher percentage (51.4%) of involvement of lymph nodes than did Luminal A (10.7%). The chi-square test also shows the difference to be significant (P < 0.05).

What is basal type?

Basal-like breast cancer is similar to triple-negative breast cancer because the cancer cells often don’t have receptors for estrogen, progesterone and HER2. But basal-like breast cancer cells have changes in the proteins that triple-negative breast cancers usually don’t have.

What cells are involved in basal cell carcinoma?

One type of skin cancer called basal cell carcinoma begins in the basal cells, which make skin cells that continuously push older cells toward the surface. As new cells move upward, they become flattened squamous cells, where a skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma can occur.

What causes TNBC?

What causes triple negative breast cancer? Researchers don’t know what causes TNBC, but they think BRCA1 genetic mutation might play a part. The BRCA1 gene is meant to prevent cancer. When it mutates, however, the gene reverses course and makes your cells more vulnerable to cancer.

What are luminal tumors?

Luminal tumor cells look like the cells of breast cancers that start in the inner (luminal) lining the mammary ducts. Luminal B tumors tend to be ER-positive. They may be HER2-negative or HER2-positive. Women with luminal B tumors are often diagnosed at a younger age than those with luminal A tumors [49,51].