What conditions can produce bilateral basal ganglia T2 hyperintensities on MRI scan?

What conditions can produce bilateral basal ganglia T2 hyperintensities on MRI scan?

The causes of basal ganglia T2 hyperintensity can be remembered using the mnemonic LINT:

• lymphoma.
• ischemia. hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
• neurodegenerative. autoimmune encephalitis (e.g. anti-D2 dopamine antibody encephalitis)
• metabolic. extrapontine myelinolysis.
• toxins. carbon monoxide neurotoxicity.
• infections.

Is the basal ganglia GREY matter?

Abstract. The basal ganglia and thalami are paired deep grey matter structures with extensive metabolic activity that renders them susceptible to injury by various diseases.

What is the bilateral basal ganglia?

Introduction. The “basal ganglia” refers to a group of subcortical nuclei within the brain responsible primarily for motor control, as well as other roles such as motor learning, executive functions, emotional behaviours, and play an important role in reward and reinforcement, addictive behaviours and habit formation.

What is a T2 signal in the brain?

T2 (transverse relaxation time) is the time constant which determines the rate at which excited protons reach equilibrium or go out of phase with each other. It is a measure of the time taken for spinning protons to lose phase coherence among the nuclei spinning perpendicular to the main field.

What does T2 signal mean on MRI?

transverse relaxation time
T2 (transverse relaxation time) is the time constant which determines the rate at which excited protons reach equilibrium or go out of phase with each other. It is a measure of the time taken for spinning protons to lose phase coherence among the nuclei spinning perpendicular to the main field. MRI IMAGING SEQUENCES.

What disorders are associated with the basal ganglia?

Associated disorders

• Parkinsonism.
• Huntington’s disease.
• Dystonia.
• Hemiballismus.
• Epilepsy.
• Tourette syndrome/obsessive–compulsive disorder.
• Sydenham’s chorea.
• PANDAS.

What happens when there is damage to the basal ganglia?

Damage to the basal ganglia cells may cause problems controlling speech, movement, and posture. This combination of symptoms is called parkinsonism. A person with basal ganglia dysfunction may have difficulty starting, stopping, or sustaining movement.

What diseases affect the basal ganglia?

Involuntary movements in basal ganglia diseases include ① tremor, ② chorea, ③ ballism, ④ athetosis, and ⑤ dystonia. Tremor appears in PD as an initial sign of the illness in 60–70% of patients.