Do B cells produce IL-12?

Do B cells produce IL-12?

Abstract. Two functionally distinct subsets of B cells that produce Th1- and Th2-like patterns of cytokines have recently been identified. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a critical immunoregulatory cytokine that promotes Th1 differentiation through activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4).

What is the function of IL-12?

IL-12 is predominantly produced by dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages, and to a lesser extent by B-cells. IL-12 is widely accepted as an important regulator of Th1 responses. It also promotes the expansion and survival of activated T-cells and NK cells and modulates the cytotoxic activity of CTLs and NK cells.

Do B cells secrete IL 1?

The first report of B cells as cytokine producers described ROHA-9, an EBV transformed human B cell line that constitutively produces IL-1 and leads to enhanced T cell proliferation [122, 123]. These findings have been replicated using mouse B cells.

Do B cells produce IL 21?

B cells are one of the lymphoid cell types whose development and function are regulated by IL-21. Depending on the interplay with costimulatory signals and on the developmental stage of a B cell, IL-21 can induce proliferation, differentiation into Ig-producing plasma cells, or apoptosis in both mice and humans.

What kind of cells produce IL-12?

Interleukin-12 is produced by dendritic cells and mediates T helper 1 development as well as interferon-gamma production by T helper 1 cells.

Is IL-12 anti inflammatory?

IL-12 can aid in the activation and regulation of several cytotoxic immune cells including macrophages, natural killer cells, and T cells, thus making it a ‘pro-inflammatory cytokine’.

What is the role of IL-1?

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) family cytokines are key signaling molecules in both the innate and adaptive immune systems, mediating inflammation in response to a wide range of stimuli. The basic mechanism of signal initiation is a stepwise process in which an agonist cytokine binds its cognate receptor.

Are B cells activated by cytokines?

TH cells activate B cells by their products, cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6, and membrane-bound stimulatory molecules including CD40 ligand. Each cytokine has pleiotropic activity on B cells and other cell types, and acts through a specific receptor.

What is an IL-12 inhibitor?

Abstract. Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is an important cytokine produced by a variety of immune effector cells that leads to a type 1 helper T cell (Th1) response. IL-12 also directs T cells to the skin via induction of cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) expression.

What causes IL-12 production?

Interleukin-10 and Interleukin-12 are produced primarily by pathogen-activated antigen-presenting cells, particularly macrophages and dendritic cells.

Is IL 12 a proinflammatory cytokine?

Interleukin-12: a proinflammatory cytokine with immunoregulatory functions that bridge innate resistance and antigen-specific adaptive immunity.